Erika
Norway
"Heir" works fine for both, as a general catch-all term that's used as such by historians on a regular basis.
Beginning strongly to suspect that most cluing in specialist areas is often more about word association than accuracy, but we only notice when it edges onto our own territory! (Certainly, many of the history-themed entries drive me up the wall...)
Fun related fact: some Victorian chamberpots would have a picture of a bee at the bottom for you to aim at while taking 'apis'. Ahh, overeducated humor...! (But actually a useful image to keep in mind even if you don't know Latin!)
Mary I wasn't Henry VIII's heir as she inherited from her brother, Edward VI. (One could argue that she was his heir apparent until she was declared illegitimate following Henry's divorce, but at that time she wouldn't have been Mary I, so...!)
Actually, it's a clay tablet with cuneiform! (Ancient Mesopotamia rather than ancient Egypt)
Had a moment of frustration at 20D where I could remember the title of the book but not the author! Then it clicked—morning brain, what can I say... Delighted to see TESH's Some Desperate Glory get all the attention it deserves, even in an unexpected venue!
Was thrown by "litchi" as I've never heard it referred to as a nut. Went to ngrams for some context, and the only period where referring to it as a "lychee/litchi nut" as more common than calling it a fruit was about 1907–1932. Also, the first appearances in English *all* treat it as a fruit: cross-checking with the OED, from the 16th–19th centuries people consistently identified it as a fruit, and it's only from the late 19th century (in either OED or ngrams) that references to it as a nut show up. Probably because it's self-evidently a fruit! (Would love to know what happened in the early 20th century, then...)
Very first definition in the OED: "An armed company or multitude of men; an army. Now archaic and poetic." (But, I would argue, not at all obscure!)
Very cute puzzle—cottoned on to the trick a few lines into 'orange', and enjoyed seeing how it unfolded the rest of the way through. (My tablet screen is normally B/W, so I popped onto the browser version to double-check I'd correctly guessed which color was which based on the order and the number of letters in the word).
Being a medieval history professor meant spending way too long at 17A thinking "Well *that* doesn't fit... Surely they don't mean Lateran IV? But that's a council, not really an agreement"... before realizing that there just had to be a catch of some kind!
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